Cyanobacteria toxicity in aquaculture system and its impact on fish physiology

Algae and some Cyanobacteria, being a core part of primary production, act as food organism for many fishes other aquatic organisms. But they can also be responsible fish kill or illness. Review on Cyanobacteria effect growth, survival, recruitment is the need hour. The mechanisms toxicity cyanotoxins their toxic metabolites in have been scarcely covered. effects may sublethal physiology, recruitment, long run, it role fish’s adaptive response to abiotic biotic stressors. Around 46 species from genera Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis, Synechococcus, Anabaena, Lyngbya, Oscillatoria, etc. shown cause system. bloom these cyanobacteria primarily associated with altered temperature nutrient load water bodies due effluents municipal discharge aquaculture. Their acute chronic vary depending species, type toxin produced, concentration. various are grouped hepatotoxins like microcystin, nodularin cylindrospermopsin, neurotoxins; anatoxins, homoanatoxins, dermatotoxins; aplysiatoxin, debromoaplysiatoxins, lyngbyatoxins, pyrogenic component; lipopolysaccharides (LPS). concentration specific cyanotoxin body along factors such length exposure, metabolic processes, parameters dissolved oxygen temperature, likely impact freshwater fish. reflected individual level, ecosystem even at culture system level.